What is the ruling on a husband fondling his wife during the daytime in Ramadan without ejaculation, and what is incumbent upon the wife if she suspects that some of her sexual fluid has been discharged, and does the absence of semen discharge when feeling aroused indicate a health problem?

It is not permissible for a fasting person to fondle his wife during the daytime in Ramadan if it leads to invalidating the fast, such as the emission of semen. This is because whoever emits semen has invalidated his fast, and upon him is repentance and making up the fast. The Malikis, however, went further, stipulating the necessity of expiation in addition to that. As for mere fondling without emission, it does not invalidate the fast. Regarding the wife, if she is not certain of the emission of semen, then nothing is incumbent upon her, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Yes, if she sees water."