Does expecting the supplication to be answered after repentance and abundant acts of worship, accompanied by a feeling that there are no sins, constitute arrogance that prevents the supplication from being answered, despite Allah Almighty’s saying: "Call upon Me; I will respond to you"?

This is not blameworthy wonder, because it is not an overestimation of the blessing while forgetting that it is from Allah. Rather, it stems from having a good opinion of Allah and certainty in His response, and it is praiseworthy due to Allah the Almighty's saying in the Hadith (definition) Qudsi: "I am as My servant thinks of Me. If he thinks good of Me, it will be for him, and if he thinks evil of Me, it will be for him," and due to the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Supplicate to Allah while you are certain of a response." Likewise, speaking of Allah's blessing in His response to whoever supplicates Him is not blameworthy pride.