Is it permissible to wipe over sandals just as it is permissible to wipe over socks—that is, only if one is in a state of purity, or the reverse? Please also explain the Hadith of Ali (may Allah honor him) wherein he urinated, then performed ablution, then prayed.

If the sandals (na'layn) meet the conditions for the validity of wiping over khuff (leather socks), such as covering the obligatory washing area and being put on while in a state of ritual purity, then they take the ruling of khuff and socks, making it permissible to wipe over them. The hadith (definition) of Al-Mughirah, "Leave them, for I inserted my feet into them while they were pure," indicates that ritual purity is a condition for wiping. As for what was reported from Ali and Al-Mughirah about wiping over sandals and socks, it is explained by the sandals being worn over the socks, and the wiping was primarily for the socks, with wiping over the sandals being secondary. Among the Arabs, a sandal (na'l) is footwear that does not encompass the entire foot, but if it encompasses the foot and covers the ankles, then it takes the ruling of a khuff.