Does divorce occur with words of anger that the husband intended to vex his wife, without the intention of divorce, especially if things returned to normal between them after seconds?

What you said to your wife falls under allusions to divorce. Divorce by allusion does not take effect unless there is the intention to divorce. If you did not intend divorce by what you said to your wife, but rather intended to vex her, then nothing is incumbent upon you, and your wife remains under your marital bond. You must be cautious in the future about such statements.