Is it permissible for a male doctor to return an embryo to a barren woman's womb without her knowledge and consent, despite her strong refusal and preference for divorce over a man being exposed to her, knowing that a female doctor is not skilled in this procedure and only men are?
It is permissible to perform intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for women who cannot conceive naturally, provided certain conditions are met. The original ruling is that the procedure should be performed by a Muslim female doctor, then a non-Muslim female doctor, then a trustworthy Muslim male doctor, due to the necessity that permits the exposure of awrah (intimate parts). Explicit written consent must be obtained from both spouses after informing them of all procedures, risks, and outcomes. The female doctor is not permitted to perform the procedure without the woman's knowledge if the woman refuses to be examined by a male doctor.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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