Is it obligatory for the Muslim ruler to fight the People of the Book to compel them to pay Jizya or convert to Islam in every time and place, or has the current situation in Muslim countries changed the application of the verse: "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight them] until they give the Jizyah willingly while they are humbled"?

Jihad is ongoing until the Day of Judgment, and the jizya and its applications are left to the discretion of the ولي الأمر (ruler/guardian). The noble verse commands fighting the disbelievers from the People of the Book who do not believe with true faith until they believe or pay the jizya in submission. It is understood from this verse that jizya is legislated and, according to many jurists, is taken only from the People of the Book. It is in exchange for their protection, for refraining from fighting them, and for their contribution to the Islamic state. They must be protected, cared for, and treated with justice and kindness. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade oppressing those with whom treaties have been made or burdening them beyond their capacity.