How can one deal with a father who denies the possibility of applying the rulings of the the Quran in the present time, and is it permissible to take money from him for support, given that he is still a student?

The Holy Quran is a book valid for all times, places, and nations because its Revealer is Allah, the All-Knowing of everything. He is most knowledgeable of His creation and what benefits them, as He, the Almighty, said: ﴿Does He who created not know, while He is the Subtle, the All-Aware?﴾. The rulings and legislations of the Quran are not temporary, confined to one era over another; rather, they constitute a comprehensive way of life for humanity until the Day of Judgment, encompassing acts of worship, transactions, and relationships. It is not permissible for a Muslim to believe in some rulings of the Quran and disbelieve in others, because that would be similar to the act of the Jews, whom Allah condemned by saying: ﴿Do you then believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in part?﴾. True faith necessitates complete submission to Allah's judgment, and whoever rejects some of His rulings is objecting to Allah's knowledge and wisdom.