What is the ruling if the Fajr (dawn) athan (call to prayer) is made while a man is having intercourse with his wife; should he complete the act until he fulfills his desire, or should he stop intercourse as soon as he hears the athan?

If dawn breaks while a Muslim is engaging in sexual intercourse with his wife, he must immediately cease cohabitation, and his fast remains valid. However, if he continues intercourse after dawn breaks, he has invalidated his fast and must make up for it (qadaa’) along with expiation (kaffarah), which is: freeing a slave; if he cannot find one, then fasting for two consecutive months; if he is unable to do that, then feeding sixty needy persons.

The ruling depends on the time of the muezzin's call to prayer (adhan): - If the muezzin calls the adhan precisely at the break of dawn, one must cease cohabitation immediately upon hearing the adhan; otherwise, qadaa’ and kaffarah become obligatory. - If the muezzin calls the adhan before the break of dawn, it is permissible to continue cohabitation until one is certain that dawn has broken, because eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse are permissible until the true dawn becomes clear, as Allah Almighty says: ﴿AND EAT AND DRINK UNTIL THE WHITE THREAD OF DAWN BECOMES DISTINCT TO YOU FROM THE BLACK THREAD [OF NIGHT]﴾.