Is the eclipse prayer legislated based on astronomers' reports of its occurrence, or is the ruling of the prayer tied to seeing the eclipse with the naked eye? And what is the ruling on one who does not pray due to not seeing the eclipse?

The Eclipse Prayer is only prescribed upon observing the disappearance of all or part of the sun's light, based on the Prophet's (PBUH) saying: "So when you see that, hasten to prayer." The statements of astronomers regarding the occurrence of an eclipse before it is seen are not to be heeded. It is an emphasized Sunnah according to the majority of scholars. Muslims, upon its occurrence, should hasten to repentance and seeking forgiveness.