Is it permissible for a student to write the diagnosis of a disease in a practical medical exam if the patient spontaneously informs him of it, or if he hears it from someone else without asking, and is that considered cheating?

If the student knows the diagnosis of the illness from the patient without having asked, there is no sin in writing it down, and it is not considered cheating. However, if they come to know it unintentionally (by hearing it or from colleagues), it is preferable to inform the supervising physician. But if they benefit from it and write it down, there is no sin upon them, by analogy with one who eats or drinks forgetfully while fasting.