Does divorce occur by saying "ibn talqa" (son of a divorce) or "rajul talqa" (man of a divorce) if the intention is to convey speed without the intention of divorce, and the wife comes to mind when the word is mentioned?

Divorce does not occur except with an explicit pronouncement or an implicit one (kinayah) with the intention of effecting it. Kinayah is any word that indicates separation. What you said is neither an explicit pronouncement of divorce nor an implicit one, so no divorce occurs thereby. As for obsessive thoughts (waswas), we advise you to ignore them, pay no attention to them, and frequently supplicate and seek refuge with Allah from Satan.