Does Hajj expiate all sins, including not fasting Ramadan and major sins, and does the prescribed punishment (hadd) for the offender fall away if Hajj expiates major sins?

Scholars have differed regarding whether Hajj expiates major sins and whether repentance from them is a prerequisite.

Ibn Hajar al-Haytami is of the view that a virtuous Hajj expiates sins except for the rights of human beings, based on the consensus of some regarding this exception.

Conversely, Ibn Abidin mentioned various opinions, stating that Iyad said there is a consensus among the Ahl al-Sunnah (definition) that major sins are not expiated except by repentance, but Ibn Abidin did not validate this consensus.

In conclusion, the matter is probabilistic, and it cannot be definitively stated that Hajj expiates major sins, especially the rights of human beings. The expiation is for the sin of delaying, not for waiving the rights themselves.

As for someone who is liable to a Hajj penalty for Allah Almighty and repents before it is reported to the Imam, repentance absolves them of the penalty, and they should conceal themselves. However, the rights of people are not waived by repentance, and they must be enabled to claim them.