Is it permissible to claim the value of a broken phone from insurance paid for fire damage or major problems, with the aim of recovering a portion of the paid premiums?

Commercial insurance is inherently forbidden. However, it is permissible in cases of general necessity, especially in Western countries where there is no Shariah-compliant alternative. The European Council for Fatwa (definition) and Research has issued a fatwa permitting it in instances of legal obligation or when needed to avoid extreme hardship and difficulty, such as insuring Islamic institutions, cars, homes, and health insurance. You are permitted to subscribe to the aforementioned insurance, but without deceit or dishonesty. Muslims must fulfill their covenants.