To what extent is it true that the Al-Aqsa Mosque mentioned in the Qur’an is not the one in Palestine, and that a mosque by this name was located on the road to Ta'if, and that the story of Al-Aqsa Mosque was fabricated by the Umayyad state?
Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) without any dispute. This is indicated by the religious texts, including the first verse of Al-Isra, and the Hadiths of Al-Isra and Al-Mi'raj, which describe the journey of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, from Al-Masjid Al- to Bayt Al-Maqdis, and how Al-Buraq was tied to the ring of the prophets there, and its being the for Muslims before the Qibla was changed to the Kaaba. The "Journeys should not be undertaken to any mosque except to three" also indicates that Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is indeed the Mosque of Aelia.
The five daily prayers were enjoined on the night of Al-Isra and Al-Mi'raj in Mecca, after the essence of prayer had already been obligatory before that, and then the number of its rak'ahs was increased after the Hijra. Whoever claims that Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is not Bayt Al-Maqdis or that prayer was enjoined in Medina contradicts the texts of the Quran and and the consensus of the Ummah, and indicates clear ignorance and misguidance.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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