When does the worshiper move between the pillars of prayer (such as bowing and standing)? Does this depend on the imam finishing the takbir or on his settling into the posture? And does the latecomer say the taslim or stand up after the imam's first or second taslim? And does the latecomer say the takbir when he stands up?

It is prescribed for the ma'mum (follower) to move immediately after the imam (leader) moves. It was narrated from Al-Bara' that they would not bend their backs until the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prostrated, and then they would prostrate after him.

It is prescribed for the imam to say the takbir (Allahu Akbar) while moving. However, if he deviates from the Sunnah (definition) and says the takbir before moving, the ma'mum should not prostrate until he sees the imam prostrating. And if the imam says the takbir after settling in prostration, it is permissible for the ma'mum to prostrate before hearing the takbir if he sees the imam settled.

The ma'mum should say the taslim (definition) (salutation of peace) after the imam has finished both taslims, according to those who consider both taslims obligatory. It is permissible, according to those who consider the second taslim a sunnah (recommended act), for the ma'mum to say the taslim after the first taslim. However, it is preferable not to say the taslim until the imam has finished both.

It is not permissible for the masbuq (one who joins the prayer late) to stand up until the imam has finished both taslims, according to those who consider both obligatory. As for those who consider the second taslim a sunnah, there is no harm in him standing up before it, even if it is contrary to what is most preferable.

The masbuq should say the takbir when standing up to complete what he missed. According to some scholars, he should say the takbir if his sitting with the imam corresponds to the position he would have sat in if he were praying alone.