What is the difference between “تطهرهم” (purifies them) and “تزكيهم” (sanctifies them) in verse 103 of Surat At-Tawbah, knowing that they are not a repetition?
Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 2026
Scholars differed on the grammatical analysis (i'rab) of "تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا" [9:103]. Some said they are two حال (circumstantial adverbs) for the addressee, who is the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Others said they are two صفة (adjectives/descriptions) for the (charity). In any case, purification () means cleanliness from impurities, and tazkiyah (purification/growth) means making something pure and abundant in goodness. So, "tuhahhiruhum" (it purifies them) refers to freeing them from evil deeds, and "tuzakkihim" (it causes them to grow) refers to adorning them with virtues.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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