Is it permissible to take some consumable materials available in large quantities in the laboratory, such as "gloves and urine containers," and give them to friends or employees who request them, as well as giving chalk that is no longer used to government schools, and some empty containers that would be a waste to throw away?

The employee is entrusted with the work tools under their possession, and it is not permissible for them to dispose of these tools except with permission. If disposing of these tools by giving them to those who need them or throwing them away is authorized, then there is no objection. Otherwise, their action would be impermissible and a betrayal of trust, based on the Almighty's saying: "O you who have believed, do not betray Allah and the Messenger or betray your trusts while you know [the consequence]."