Is it permissible to give zakat to relief organizations that send doctors, purchase medical equipment, and care for orphans, and is it necessary to ensure that these organizations give money directly to the poor?

A person must personally undertake the giving of zakat (definition). It is permissible to give it to charitable organizations run by trustworthy Muslims. Zakat must be given in cash, and it is not permissible to give it in kind (goods) except out of necessity or for a benefit. As for the place of giving it, the default is that it should be given in the country where the wealth is located. It is permissible to transfer it when there is a necessity or a benefit, such as if the poor in another country are in greater need, or if the zakat payer's relatives are poor in another country.