Does not taking means affect Allah's divine decree and destiny, and is it considered a punishment from Allah, as in the example of the lazy student, or the person who trusts in Allah but does not take means and thus dies?

What has been mentioned, that causes do not change destiny, is an error. Rather, it is Allah's way that causes are a means to the occurrence of their effects, and both are by Allah’s decree. The servant is responsible for his actions and their outcomes. His negligence is a cause for his failure, and both are by Allah’s decree. The servant is responsible for his negligence by his own free will.