Is it permissible to visit temples, Pharaonic tombs, and the like, and may one perform prayers there when there is a fear of missing their prescribed time?

Visiting graves is divided into two categories: legitimate and innovative (bid'ah). Legitimate visits to Muslim graves are for the purpose of supplicating and seeking forgiveness for them, or to remember death and the afterlife (this also includes visiting the graves of disbelievers for the same purpose). As for innovative visits, they are for the purpose of seeking needs from the deceased or supplicating at their graves, and this is forbidden.

It is not permissible to undertake a journey specifically to visit any grave. Rather, visiting is prescribed without travel, and praying in graveyards is forbidden, except for the funeral prayer.

Visiting the places of worship of disbelievers (such as churches) is prohibited if it is for the purpose of worship or believing in their superiority. However, praying in them is permissible under certain conditions: that they are not intended for prayer, and that they are free of images and statues, for they are not houses of Allah but rather houses of disbelief.

As for places of torment and damnation (such as the dwellings of Thamud): it is forbidden to enter them for sightseeing or recreation, due to the wrath associated with them, except for one who enters weeping and taking heed. Praying in them is forbidden, and it is considered invalid by some scholars, because they are places of wrath and torment.