Is it permissible to pray two Rak'ahs or more aboard an airplane while it is in flight, with the intention of worshipping Allah in a new place so that the sky may bear witness for him on the Day of Resurrection, and is this intention considered permissible or an innovation (Bid'ah)?

There is no disagreement concerning the permissibility of performing supererogatory prayers (Nawafil) in a car or on a plane during a long journey. As for obligatory prayers (Fard), contemporary jurists have differed regarding praying on a plane, but the preponderant opinion is that it is permissible. If the time for prayer arrives and one fears missing it before landing, then one must perform it to the best of their ability, with bowing, prostration, and facing the Qibla, according to the Almighty’s saying: "So fear Allah as much as you are able," and the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) saying: "When I command you to do something, then do of it as much as you are able." If one knows that the plane will land before the prayer time expires, with enough time to perform it, or if it is a prayer that can be combined and one knows the plane will land before the time for the second prayer expires, then it is permissible to perform it on the plane. As for praying in a place where no one has prayed before with the intention of reviving it with worship, this is permissible. This includes entering a land where Allah is not worshipped, such as Dar al-Shirk (land of polytheism), in which case it is Sunnah not to leave it until one has prayed two Rak'ahs. Similarly, if one passes through a land they have never been to before, it is Sunnah for them to pray two Rak'ahs there.