Is it permissible to borrow money where the lender receives 10% of the net profits until the debt is paid off? And what is the way to correct this if it is not permissible?

A loan with interest is forbidden, and it is usury (riba), the prohibition of which is a matter of consensus. Allah has threatened those who consume it with war and destruction, and they are cursed by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. The loan that was taken is usurious, and one must repent to Allah. The creditor should only take back what they disbursed, and the debtor is not religiously obliged to pay the increase except to avert harm, such as imprisonment, for example. It would have been possible to enter as a partner in the factory with a percentage of the profit (diminishing Musharakah), or to sell materials in installments with a profit (Murabaha for the one who promises to purchase). The current usurious loan cannot be transformed into a partnership except by dissolving the loan and returning the money, then agreeing on a new partnership contract, because partnership requires the capital to be present and not merely a liability. If it is possible to return the money, then do so, after which partnership or Murabaha would be permissible.