What is the last time for the Isha prayer, and should it be performed with the intention of making it up after midnight, or does its time extend until Fajr? Is ablution (wudu) required for reading the Qur'an from the mus'haf? Is it permissible for a menstruating woman or someone in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) to recite the Qur'an orally without touching the mus'haf? And what are the sayings of scholars regarding this, and which one is preponderant?

The 'Isha prayer has an optional time that ends at midnight, and a necessary time that extends until dawn. Performing the prayer during the necessary time is considered ada' (on-time performance), not qada' (making up a missed prayer). As for reciting the Qur'an from the mushaf, the majority of scholars stipulate purity. A menstruating woman is permitted to recite the Qur'an verbally, but a person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) is not allowed to recite the Qur'an, except for purposes of seeking refuge (with Allah) or similar intentions, not as an act of recitation.