How sound is the sacred hadith (Hadith Qudsi) that includes the creation of man and his upbringing in the womb, and his care after birth, then his punishment for his disobedience despite Allah’s (the Exalted) response to his supplication and repentance?

The statement mentioned is widespread but has no origin from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Rather, it is close to what was transmitted from the Torah, as narrated by Abu Nu'aym in "Hilyat al-Awliya" with his chain of narration from Muhammad ibn Ka'b al-Qurazi. It is obligatory to verify what is attributed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and to attribute words to their speaker. It is not permissible to attribute them to God or His Prophet without valid proof.