How does a pilgrim in a state of ihram performing Tamattu' intend on behalf of a deceased person, and what is the ruling on performing another 'Umrah for him or someone else before the Hajj, and is he obligated to enter a state of ihram for it from the miqat of his country or from Taneem?

It is permissible for someone performing Hajj on behalf of another as a volunteer to enter into ihram for Umrah for themselves and Hajj for the one they are deputizing for, performing Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (Hajj with an intervening Umrah), provided that the deputy has already performed Hajj and Umrah for themselves.

However, if the deputy is hired or was instructed by the one commissioning the Hajj to perform Hajj al-Tamattu‘, they must perform Hajj for them as Tamattu‘ from the miqat (designated boundary for entering ihram) of the one commissioning the Hajj. If they violate this and enter ihram for Umrah for themselves or someone else, the Umrah is valid for whoever it was intended for.

From this situation, four cases arise: 1. Returning to the miqat of the one commissioning the Hajj and entering into ihram for Umrah al-Tamattu‘: The Hajj is counted for the one commissioning it, and the deputy repays the cost of returning. 2. Entering into ihram for Umrah al-Tamattu‘ for the one commissioning the Hajj without their miqat: The Hajj is counted for the one commissioning it, and two expiatory sacrifices (dam) are required: a dam for Tamattu‘ from the one commissioning the Hajj, and a dam from the deputy for violating the miqat condition. 3. Returning to the miqat of the one commissioning the Hajj and entering into ihram for Hajj al-Ifrad (individual Hajj): The Hajj is counted as Ifrad for the one commissioning it, and the deputy has violated the Tamattu‘ requirement, and they must repay half of the expenses. 4. Entering into ihram for Hajj without their miqat: The Hajj is counted as Ifrad for the one commissioning it, and the deputy is liable for a dam for violating the miqat condition, and they must repay half of the expenses.

The general principle is that if one is instructed to perform Tamattu‘, they are obliged to perform Hajj as Tamattu‘.