Is it permissible to correct the Imam when he makes a mistake in pausing and resuming that leads to a polytheistic meaning, or when he makes a mistake in supplication by saying, "O Allah, apportion for us such certainty as will make easy for us the calamities of this world and the torment of the Hereafter," or "O Allah, we seek refuge in You from the evil of Laylat al-Qadr and the evil of what comes after it," and is it permissible to seek forgiveness within the prayer upon hearing that?

It is not prescribed for a Muslim to supplicate to his Lord to lighten the punishment of the Hereafter for him. Rather, what is prescribed is to supplicate for the punishment to be averted from him, as stated in the Holy Quran: "Our Lord, avert from us the punishment of Hell" and "Protect us from the punishment of the Fire." If the Imam makes a supplication that deviates from this, he should be advised gently and wisely after the prayer. The worshipper should not speak or seek forgiveness during the prayer, because such utterances are disliked within it, though they do not invalidate the prayer according to the soundest opinion.