What is the ruling on one from whom drops of urine sometimes emerge? Does he have to perform istinja' for every prayer, even if he has not urinated? And what is the ruling on one who frequently doubts their acts of worship, such as wudu', prayer, the number of rak'ahs, and tasbeeh? Does he perform two prostrations of forgetfulness after every prayer?

If drops of urine are emitted, then istinja' (ritual cleansing after defecation or urination) becomes obligatory, and this is the view of the majority of scholars. If nothing is emitted from the two private parts, then istinja' is not obligatory. If only urine is emitted, then only the place of urination is washed. If only feces are emitted, then only the place of defecation is washed. As for doubt concerning wudu' (ablution), the agreed-upon principle is that certainty is not removed by doubt. Therefore, one should not pay attention to doubt until certainty of hadath (ritual impurity) is attained. As for doubt concerning the number of rak'ahs (units of prayer), the worshipper should build upon certainty, which is the lesser number, and perform the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud as-sahw). As for doubt concerning tasbihat (glorifications), the majority of scholars consider them sunnah (recommended), while Imam Ahmad held them to be obligatory. If doubt becomes frequent to the point of being a waswas (obsessive whisper), then one should not pay attention to it, and sujud as-sahw is not prescribed for it.