What is the ruling on a partnership where one partner provides capital and a place of business, and the other provides capital and effort? And is it permissible to use alcohol in perfume composition?

The question encompasses two issues:

First: The ruling on a partnership where one partner contributes a shop and half the capital, and the other partner contributes effort and half the capital. This type of partnership (partnership of crafts/works) is subject to scholarly disagreement. Most scholars who permitted it stipulated that work must be contributed by all partners. However, some Hanbalis permitted it. The preferred approach here is to consider the first partner's shop and the second partner's work as outside the partnership, with each of them receiving a known wage for that, and then they divide the profit.

Second: The ruling on alcohol in perfumes. Alcohol is considered a liquid intoxicant and is impure according to the four madhhabs. However, there is a narration from Abu Hanifa and the Dhahiri madhhab that it is not impure. Thus, according to the majority of scholars, it is impermissible to engage in the manufacture of perfumes that contain alcohol, unless it has been chemically treated such that it is no longer intoxicating, in which case it becomes pure according to those who hold that transformation (istihalah) purifies.