What is the ruling on prayers performed using alcoholic perfumes about which there is doubt? Is the profit from selling them lawful? And is the default ruling for perfume permissibility or prohibition?

The fundamental principle concerning fragrances in all their forms is purity. However, if a fragrance is mixed with an intoxicant before the intoxicant transforms from its intoxicating state, it becomes impure according to the majority of scholars.

As long as you are unaware that perfumes are mixed with alcohol before its transformation, there is no harm in using or selling them, and there is no need for doubt.

If you ascertain that a perfume is mixed with alcohol before its transformation, then it is impermissible to buy, sell, or use it. As for past usage and sales before becoming aware of the prohibition, there is no blame upon you.

However, according to the view that intoxicants (khamr) are not impure, there is no harm in using these perfumes, and it is not forbidden to buy or sell them. This is the view inclined to by Sheikh Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him, who argued that the fundamental principle is purity, and that the pouring out of intoxicants in the marketplaces in the presence of the Prophet, peace be upon him, without an order to wash them, indicates their purity.