Is it permissible for students sponsored by the state to study abroad to refuse to return to their home country after completing their studies in Western countries, and to deny the kindness of the state that covered their expenses throughout the study period?

For students going on scholarships abroad, there are two scenarios:

The first: If there is an agreement between the state and the student that this scholarship is conditional upon their return to work for the state, then they must fulfill this condition, unless the state permits them to stay, or an agreement is reached to release them from the condition by repaying what was spent on them.

The second: If there is no such agreement, then they are not obligated to return to their country. It should be noted that residing in non-Muslim countries is fraught with dangers to one's religion and morals. Therefore, it is not permissible for someone to reside there if they do not feel safe about their religion, or if they cannot observe the rituals of their religion. It is recommended for those who do feel safe about themselves not to remain in those countries.