Why did Allah Almighty create humankind and make them vicegerents on Earth despite their abundant disobedience? And why did He not make angels in their place? And why did He create angels when He is self-sufficient and in no need of any of His creation?

The first part of the question resembles the angels' question, to which Allah Almighty responded, "Indeed, I know that which you do not know." Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, is beyond the comprehension of angels, let alone humans, in His wisdom and knowledge. Ibn Kathir explained that Allah would place among them prophets, messengers, the truthful, the righteous, and others.

Ibn Al-Qayyim mentioned that Allah possessed wisdom in placing this vicegerent on Earth, a wisdom unknown to the angels. Among these wisdoms and benefits were things that the angels could not have known.

Wisdom is perfected through the creation of opposites and antinomies, such as night and day, good and evil. This is to manifest the brilliant wisdom, the overpowering might, and the penetrating will. Each of the Most High Attributes has wisdoms, implications, and effects that display its perfection. If these attributes were not manifested through creation, their perfection would not be apparent.

And Allah is Self-Sufficient, needing nothing from the worlds. Allah did not create creation out of a need or benefit that would accrue to Him. Rather, His wisdom, exalted be He, necessitated the creation of beings in a manner that would display the effects of His names and attributes. For Allah loves His names and attributes, and He loves the manifestation of their effects in His creation.