Must the remembrance of Allah and prayers upon the Prophet be with the tongue or with humility? And do the same rules apply to them as apply to prayer, in that humility therein is a Sunnah whose omission does not invalidate it? And does abundant remembrance expiate major sins? And does swearing upon the Mushaf unjustly out of necessity expiate sins? And does reciting the Quran from memory require ablution?

The best for a Muslim when engaging in dhikr (remembrance), such as reciting the Quran and sending blessings upon the Prophet, is to combine dhikr with the tongue and the presence of the heart; this is the highest of ranks. If the heart is not present, the dhikr is still sufficient for what is obligatory, and the reward will be commensurate with the action. Frequent remembrance of Allah expiates minor sins. As for major sins, the majority of scholars hold that only sincere repentance erases them.

Swearing falsely is permissible in extreme necessity to avoid great harm, such as imprisonment, but it is better to use tawriyah (ambiguous speech) to avoid false swearing. Reciting the Quran by heart is permissible without wudu' (ablution).

Humility (khushu') and contemplation (tadabbur) are required when reciting the Quran, and reciting verses and performing good deeds eliminate evil deeds. Prayer, purification, and acts of righteousness expiate sins if major sins are avoided, but they do not suffice as a substitute for repentance from major sins.