Is it permissible to pray sitting in a train or station without clear movement, or to pray while working and carrying iron, reciting Al-Fatiha and what is easy [from the Quran], and saying the invocations of bowing (rukūʿ) and prostration (sujūd), due to time and space constraints and the difficulty of finding an opportunity to pray regularly?

Prayer holds a great status in Islam, being the second pillar after the two declarations of faith. It is essential to pay attention to it and perform it on time. If it is possible to perform each prayer at its designated time, then that is obligatory. However, if you need to combine prayers due to hardship, it is permissible. As for praying on a train, if you know you will disembark before the time for the prayer expires, you should delay it. Otherwise, pray on the train according to your ability, striving to face the Qiblah. Your prayer performed while sitting on the train or at the station without a valid excuse is invalid. The prayer of someone who engages in work such as ironworking, and the like, is not sufficient due to the many actions that contradict the prayer. Missed prayers must be made up in order, and if you do not know their number, continue making them up until you are reasonably certain that your obligation has been fulfilled.