Was the Islamic political system influenced by the tribal clan system in Mecca and Medina, or by the monarchical system in the Arab states of the North and South?

Islam is a divine religion revealed by God, with its own specific legislation founded on principles and characteristics. Among its principles are: justice, as stated in the Almighty's words: {Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice}, and consultation (Shura), as in the Almighty's words: {And consult them in the matter} and {And their affair is [decided by] consultation among themselves}.

Among the characteristics of Islamic legislation are: 1. Divinity (Rabbaniyyah): The intention behind legislation is to seek God's pleasure, as in the Almighty's words: {Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book with the truth, so worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion}. 2. Comprehensiveness (Shumuliyyah): It encompasses all aspects of human life, as in the Almighty's words: {And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things}. 3. Moderation (Wasatiyyah): Balance and moderation in all aspects, as in the Almighty's words: {And thus We have made you a moderate community}. 4. Realism (Waqi'iyyah): It is compatible with reality, without excess or negligence, and evidence for this is the Almighty's words: {Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity}.

These principles and characteristics have made Islam an independent model in its systems, not derived from any previous or subsequent system. This does not imply stagnation but rather its acceptance of what does not contradict its principles.