Is insulting Allah a more severe form of disbelief (kufr) than the disbelief of Pharaoh and than a complete apostasy from Islam? And is verbal disbelief more dangerous and greater than practical disbelief, and why?
Blasphemy against Allah is an act of disbelief (kufr) more heinous and evil than the disbelief of Pharaoh, because Pharaoh denied the existence and Lordship of Allah, and this is more severe than blasphemy, which is a degradation of Allah's essence while acknowledging His existence. The disbelief of an apostate is graver than the disbelief of an original disbeliever. Verbal disbelief (kufr) is more dangerous than practical disbelief if the latter refers to sins that have been termed kufr while the doer retains his faith, such as a Muslim fighting his brother. However, there are practical acts of disbelief that expel their perpetrator from the fold of Islam, such as prostrating to an idol, showing contempt for the Quran, insulting the Prophet, and ridiculing religion. These acts necessitate doctrinal disbelief (kufr i'tiqadi), because they indicate the loss of sincere intention from the heart, its devotion, and submission. The correct ruling concerning practical disbelief is to elaborate: some of it expels one from the fold of Islam, specifically that which indicates contempt for religion. Verbal disbelief, such as blasphemy against Allah Almighty, is more severe than practical disbelief that does not expel one from the fold of Islam, because it is major disbelief (kufr akbar) that expels one from the fold of Islam.
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- Ftawy
- Original fatwa ID
- 101860
- Imported
- Translation status
- Source text, unreviewed
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