What is the religious ruling on one who believes that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) precisely knows when the Hour will be established, or that he apportions and distributes provisions among people, or that he dictated the Qur'an to Gabriel (peace be upon him)? And does he become a disbeliever if he insists on that? And is it permissible to pray behind him?

The texts indicate that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and Gabriel (peace be upon him) do not know when the Hour will be established, and that knowledge of it rests with Allah alone. As for the claim that the Messenger (peace be upon him) distributes provisions, it is refutable, because the Hadith, "Indeed, I am a distributor, and Allah gives," refers to the distribution of war spoils. Its meaning is that Allah the Almighty is truly the Giver, and the Messenger (peace be upon him) is a custodian who distributes what he has been commanded. As for the claim that the Messenger (peace be upon him) dictated the Qur'an to Gabriel, it is a false statement that contradicts the Almighty's saying: "Say, the Holy Spirit has brought it down from your Lord in truth." These claims are false, and whoever denies them after proof has been established becomes an infidel. Prayer behind such a person is not permissible, because he is, at the very least, an innovator.