Is it permissible for someone coming from outside Makkah to enter into a state of ihram for Hajj from Makkah Al-Mukarramah (the mother's home), and does this entail a دم (sacrificial offering) or a فدية (expiation)?

If one is a resident of Jeddah and intends to perform Hajj or Umrah, they must enter into a state of Ihram from there, as it is located within the Miqat boundaries. It is not permissible to pass beyond it without Ihram. If one passes beyond it and delays Ihram until Mecca, then a sacrifice is incumbent upon them, which is a sheep to be slaughtered in Mecca and distributed among its poor. If one assumes Ihram from Jeddah and then wears sewn clothing, they must offer a fidyah: fasting for three days, or feeding six poor persons, or sacrificing a sheep.