Is it permissible to mention the husband's ill-treatment, his beating, and his foul language in court to request a divorce and obtain full rights?

It is not permissible for a husband to abuse his wife with insults, curses, or by shaming her about her appearance, because such behaviors indicate his bad character, and Allah has power over him. If the husband's situation is as the questioner described, then she is not at fault for seeking a divorce from him and taking the matter to court. However, if the husband shows remorse and sincere intention, it is preferable to be patient with him, while consulting family and seeking guidance from Allah the Almighty.