Are pregnant, breastfeeding, and menstruating women required to make up for missed fasts, and do they owe expiation or feeding a poor person, especially if it is difficult to feed the poor in lands of turmoil?

If a pregnant woman breaks her fast out of fear for herself or her child, or a breastfeeding woman out of fear for her child, she must make up the missed days (qaḍāʾ) and feed one poor person for each day she broke her fast. If she breaks her fast after childbirth due to nifās (postpartum bleeding), she only needs to make up the missed days. If she breaks her fast after nifās due to breastfeeding and out of fear for herself, she must make up the missed days. If it is out of fear for the child, she must make up the missed days and pay a fidyah (expiation). The layperson should follow someone whose knowledge and religiosity they trust.