Is it permissible to perform tayammum when water is available if one fears missing the funeral, Eid, or Friday prayers?

The majority of jurists hold that it is impermissible to perform tayammum (dry ablution) for fear of missing the funeral prayer or the Eid prayer, as tayammum is not prescribed when water is available and one is able to use it. They argue that the funeral prayer can be replaced by praying over the grave, and that the Eid prayer is not obligatory.

The Hanafis, some Malikis, and Ibn Taymiyyah, however, permit this, arguing that the funeral prayer cannot be made up and the Eid prayer is not repeated, and that praying with tayammum is better than missing the prayer entirely.

As for Jumu'ah (Friday) prayer, the majority of jurists (Hanafis, Malikis, Shafi'is, and Hanbalis) hold that it is impermissible to perform tayammum for fear of missing it; rather, one should pray it as Dhuhr (noon prayer) with ablution. A consensus on this matter has been reported.

However, Ibn Taymiyyah and some Malikis permit tayammum for Jumu'ah prayer when there is a fear of missing it. This view was favored by Sheikh Ibn 'Uthaymeen, who justified it by stating that if Jumu'ah prayer is missed, it cannot be made up.

It is preferable to adopt the view of the majority of jurists in both matters as a precaution, because tayammum is legislated when water is unavailable or one is unable to use it. The funeral prayer has a substitute (praying over the grave), Jumu'ah prayer has a substitute (Dhuhr), and one is excused for not performing the Eid prayer.