How can the Prophet’s saying "My Ummah will not unite upon error" be reconciled with the Ummah’s consensus on the impermissibility of musical instruments, while there are prominent scholars who deem them permissible?
You mentioned that some prominent scholars permit musical instruments, and this is not surprising. A group of scholars, including Al-Qurtubi, Ibn al-, and Ibn al-Qayyim, have narrated the consensus (ijma') of the Ummah on the prohibition of musical instruments. Violating an established consensus is not permissible. These scholars who permit musical instruments either do not believe in the validity of the claim that a consensus was formed on this issue, and thus it is a matter of (independent reasoning), and their ijtihad led them to prefer the view that musical instruments are not forbidden; or they do not believe in the impermissibility of violating a consensus; or they hold other views. Undoubtedly, their opinion on this matter is a weak one.
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