What is the ruling on uttering one or two words from the Qur’an out of necessity while in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah), such as correcting my daughter while she is reciting?
The accredited opinion among the majority of scholars is that it is forbidden for a person in a state of (major ritual impurity) to recite the Quran. However, Ibn Abbas held the view that it is permissible for someone in a state of janabah to recite one or two verses or a daily portion (wird). As for uttering one or two words from the Quran while in a state of janabah for the purpose of correcting a recitation or similar reasons, some scholars see no harm in it, as they permitted what is less than a complete verse. Imam Tirmidhi and others explicitly stated the permissibility of reciting part of a verse or a single letter. It is believed that what is less than a complete verse is not considered a full recitation, and therefore is not forbidden for those in a state of janabah or menstruation. The Hanbalis permitted the recitation of part of a verse, as long as it is not excessively long, like the Verse of Debt. Some of them even went further, allowing its repetition, provided it is not intended as a stratagem to circumvent a forbidden recitation. Ibn Qudamah stated that if a part of a verse does not distinguish it as Quranic from other speech, such as the Basmala (In the name of Allah), then there is no harm in it, unless it is intended as a recitation or if it is something that distinctly identifies it as Quran, in which case there is a difference of opinion.
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