How sound is the Hadith which mentions that a person lived after another's martyrdom and attained a higher status than him in Paradise due to his fasting Ramadan and praying, and who narrated it, and can a Muslim reach a higher status than the prophets preceding our master Muhammad, and how does the martyr's status reconcile with this Hadith if it is sound?

The hadith about which the question was asked was narrated by Imam Ahmad and others. It is what Talhah ibn Ubaydullah reported concerning two men from Yemen: one was martyred, and the other lived for a year then died on his bed. Talhah saw in his dream that the one who died on his bed entered Paradise before the martyr, and he mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He asked him, "How long did he remain on earth after him?" He replied, "A hawl" meaning a year. So the Prophet said, "He prayed one thousand eight hundred prayers and fasted Ramadan."

The Prophets are the best of mankind, and no one can reach a higher status in Paradise than their status. The man whose death was delayed surpassed the martyr in reward because he prayed one thousand eight hundred prayers and fasted Ramadan.