What is the rebuttal to those who describe the Prophet as a sorcerer and claim that the unseen events that occurred were due to jinn, along with an explanation of the extent of magic’s influence?

This statement is not uttered by a believer. The rational refutation is that if the Prophet had been a sorcerer, he would have bewitched the disbelievers into believing in him. Yet, his closest kin, his uncle, whom he was keen to guide, died as a disbeliever. And concerning him, Allah Almighty revealed: "Indeed, [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided."

As for the claim that he learned from the jinn, the eloquence of the Quran's words and the power of its style are far removed from the speech of the jinn. Allah Almighty said: "And We certainly know that they say, 'It is only a human being who teaches him.' The tongue of the one they allude to is foreign, and this is a clear Arabic tongue." The Companions saw Gabriel, peace be upon him, and none of them ever saw a jinn speaking to the Messenger. The pre-Islamic Arabs testified that the Quran does not resemble the speech of the jinn. Indeed, Ibn Abbas narrated that Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah testified that the Quran has a sweetness and a charm, and that it rises above all and nothing can rise above it.