With whom should one fast and break the fast if there is a difference in the moon sighting between the country of residence (Bulgaria), the country of origin (Iraq), and other Islamic centers (Mecca, Turkey)? Is it permissible to fast with the first people and break the fast with the last? Is it obligatory to renew the intention before noon if it becomes clear that the determination of the first day of Ramadan was incorrect? What is the ruling on making up missed Ramadans?

As long as you are residing in Bulgaria, you should fast with the Muslims there. What is considered for the beginning of fasting is the sighting of the crescent moon in the country where you reside. Therefore, Muslims there should strive to look for the crescent moon on the night of the thirtieth. If it is not seen, they should complete the month of Sha’ban as thirty days.

It is not legislated to fast on a day where there is doubt whether it is the first of Ramadan or the completion of Sha’ban.

A Muslim must make up for the days of Ramadan they missed, and this makeup is not waived unless they are ill with an illness from which recovery is not expected and fasting becomes difficult.