What are the intellectual and scientific contributions of Muslims?

The greatest contribution of the early Muslims was leading humanity from the darkness of polytheism to the light of monotheism, and from the injustice of religions to the justice of Islam, relying on the Book of their Lord and the guidance of their Prophet.

Muslims also contributed significantly to human, theoretical, and experimental sciences, such as sociology, economics, medicine, engineering, astronomy, chemistry, and physics. They were the masters of the world in these fields when they adhered to the Qur'an and Sunnah.

The questioner can refer to the book "What Did the World Lose by the Decline of Muslims?" by Abu al-Hasan al-Nadwi, and "Islamic Civilization Between the Authenticity of the Past and the Hopes of the Future" by Ali ibn Nayef al-Shahud, and the article "The Civilizational Role of Muslims in the Development of Sciences" by Abdullah ibn Abdullah Hijazi.

The return of Muslim leadership to the world in all fields depends on their return to what the Prophet, peace be upon him, and his companions were upon.