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What is the meaning of "a biting kingship" and "a tyrannical kingship" in the noble Hadith, and do they refer to the hereditary rule in the Umayyad and Abbasid states?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

The meaning of "al-mulk al-'adud" (the biting or oppressive rule) is the rule of a king who is unjust to his subjects, who oppresses them and forces them to do what they do not desire. The aforementioned hadith was graded as hasan (good) by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut, and at the very least as hasan by Al-Albani. Scholars have not specified that it is exclusive to the Umayyad or Abbasid dynasties.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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