What is the ruling on subscribing to a commercial insurance company, through which monthly installments are paid to receive a retirement lump sum or a retirement salary at retirement age, and paying monthly installments for children to receive a sum to cover their university tuition fees, in addition to the company's commitment to pay tuition fees in case of death or a sum of money in case of death or disability?

Commercial insurance is not permissible because it is forbidden due to its inclusion of gharar (excessive uncertainty), jahalah (ignorance), and gambling. Fatwas have been issued declaring its prohibition by various Fiqh councils. The Lawgiver permits contracts free from gharar and harm, whereas commercial insurance involves gharar and certain harm to one of the parties. It operates on the collection of premiums and their investment in usurious loans, then the payment of compensation from the profits without a legitimate legal basis for the company's obligation to compensate or bear expenses. It is a contract for the sale of money for money that contains excessive gharar and usury. It is permissible to participate in cooperative Takaful insurance because it adheres to Sharia controls and is based on legitimate cooperation.