Is it permissible for two individuals to form a partnership to share what one earns from his painting work and what the other earns from his teaching job, given the differences in the nature of the work and its future, such as the retirement pension?

In summary: This form of partnership falls under the category of partnership of services (shirkat al-abdan), and there is a difference of opinion regarding its validity. However, the majority of jurists permit it, though they differ on its conditions. It is stipulated that the work must be permissible (halal) and amenable to agency (tawkil). However, according to Abu Hanifa, the work of a private employee (ajir khass) cannot be delegated through agency. Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah elaborated on the partnership of services for both a common employee (ajir mushtarak) and a private employee, and he favored the validity of participating in a private hire (ijarah khassah). He also stated that an employee is considered a private employee, and their participation in a partnership of services is valid, according to his preferred view. As for future benefits, such as a retirement pension, these can be overcome by limiting the partnership to the current salary or income.