Are the blood and brown discharge that appeared a week after the cessation of postpartum bleeding considered lochia, and must one make up prayers and fasting during this period?

The maximum duration for post-natal bleeding (nifas) is forty days, and any blood a woman sees during this period is considered nifas. What you saw a second time from blood is considered nifas, and you do not become pure until this recurring blood ceases, along with any connected yellowish or brownish discharge. The intervening period within the nifas during which you became pure is considered a valid state of purity. You are not required to make up the prayers you missed while seeing this blood, which is ruled as nifas.